Beginning, I want to tell you that the episodes of the Israelites provoked history professors and few of them to participate in preparing what's coming of it, God willing, to make it in the best production. Professor Abdullah Marouf, professor of Jerusalem studies, volunteered and participated and reviewed. I think in the past episode some people volunteered and translated it from English to Russian and a translation is available to you in any other languages for whoever wants it. I will tell you the Russian link under the video, tell whoever wants to do the same or use it and I won't bother you more than that, let's go to perfection. Okay, let's go.
We stopped in the last episode after the Israelites dispersed in the countries and the retaliatory operations that were carried out on them, the revolutions, and some of them arriving to Medina more than 200 years before the mission of Prophet Muhammad peace be upon him. Remember that the Torah states that God came from Teman and the saint from Mount Paran, and the saint here is the final prophet who will come at the end of time who will be sent from the region of Paran, which means the Hijaz region where the final prophet will be sent at the end of time from the Paran region. This is a doctrinal belief, not just a random place.
The important thing is that the famous Jewish tribes that we heard about in Islamic history were in Medina, such as Banu Qainuqa, Banu Qurayza, and Banu Nadir. Even Safiyya bint Huyayy, whom the Prophet Muhammad married, was from the tribe of Banu Nadir. The Prophet said about her in the Hadith that her father was a prophet, her uncle was a prophet, and she is under a prophet, meaning Moses, Aaron, and the Prophet Muhammad peace be upon them.
Not all the Jews who lived in the Arabian Peninsula at that time were Israelites, as there were Arab Jews who were not originally Israelites but converted to Judaism, such as Banu Auf for example. It is also said that Banu Qainuqa were Arab converts to Judaism, and that Banu Nadir were mixed, meaning the issue of converted Arabs living among us is nothing new. It is said that the Arab poet Ka'b bin Al-Ashraf was from the Jews of Banu Nadir in Medina. At that time, the Jews of Medina lived in Yathrib, Khaybar, and Wadi Al-Qura.
At that time, the Muhammadan message had just begun in Mecca for 3-4 years. Then King Khosrow II of Persia ordered another attack on the Romans in Jerusalem in 614 AD and was successful in expelling the Romans from it. The Meccan verses "Alif, Lam, Meem. The Romans have been defeated" were revealed then. The Qurayshites at that time taunted the Prophet and his companions saying our polytheists prevailed over the people of the book. This Persian war involved the Jews who took revenge with the Persians against the Christian Arabs and Romans. But the Persians also turned against the Jews and expelled them after only three years.
Do not forget that the Quran predicted in the same verse about the Romans' defeat, that God said "And they, after their defeat, will overcome. Within a few years." This came true when the Roman army returned less than ten years later and achieved victories over the Persians, reaching the Tigris. The Prophet Muhammad had emigrated to Medina at that time, he and his companions. The verse says "And that day the believers will rejoice. In the victory of Allah." They really rejoiced and praised God for Heraclius¡¯ victory over Khosrow as mentioned in it.
At that time, several events had happened to the Muslims and the Prophet Muhammad was victorious over Quraysh in the Battle of Badr Al-Kubra before that. There is another link here for Muslims to Al-Aqsa Mosque after the verses of Surat Ar-Rum. It is in the famous story of Al-Isra and Al-Mi¡¯raj in Mecca before the Hijrah, the famous story of the Prophet's journey from Mecca to Jerusalem and his prayer there with the prophets, then they ascended to heaven and so on.
Then the greater link is directing the qiblah of Muslims in their prayers when prayer was prescribed to Al-Aqsa Mosque. Note all this happened before the Prophet clashed with the Jews while he was still in Mecca. When the Prophet emigrated to Medina, the Banu Qainuqa were gold traders controlling the entire gold market, Banu Nadir controlled the agriculture market, and Banu Qurayza controlled various industries such as weapons manufacturing, etc. That is, the economic backbone of Medina was entirely in their hands at that time.
After the Prophet settled in Medina, one of the first decisions he made was establishing a market for the Muslims near the Prophet's Mosque, including the emigrants, the Ansar, the Aws and Khazraj tribes, and the Jews. The Jews rejected the Prophet and his message just as they had rejected Jesus before him and the prophets before that. So for the Jews, this became an economic threat in addition to the religious threat with Al-Isra, Al-Mi¡¯raj, and the Muslims' qiblah.
Banu Qainuqa then began provocations and skirmishes against the Prophet culminating in their expulsion from Medina. After that there was an assassination attempt by Banu Nadir to kill the Prophet, who also ordered them to leave Medina afterwards. Then came the famous treachery of Banu Qurayza during the Battle of Ahzab, after which they were eliminated. Finally the Battle of Khaybar and elimination of the remaining Jews in Medina who were expelled.
After the death of the Prophet Muhammad, then Abu Bakr Al-Siddiq, then during the reign of Umar ibn Al-Khattab. Here was the first official era for the Muslims to enter the holy land. Jerusalem was conquered in 636 AD. Note here an important detail, when Amr ibn al-Aas received the keys to Jerusalem from Patriarch Sophronius, he refused them and said his famous words to Abu Ubaidah, no, not Abu Ubaidah, meaning Abu Ubaidah ibn al-Jarrah. He said, we are a people honored by Islam, so whenever we seek honor outside of it, Allah will disgrace us.
At the time of receiving Jerusalem and its official entry under Muslim rule, Umar ibn al-Khattab allowed the Jews and Christians to stay in Jerusalem. Historians disagree on whether he allowed the Jews to actually reside there or just visit. But the important point for us is that when the Muslims entered the city of Jerusalem, there was not a single Jew in it. Since the conquest of Jerusalem in 636 AD until the Nakba in 1948, a period during which it was under Muslim rule except for the 90 years of the First Crusade when it was occupied, Jerusalem remained under Muslim rule for about 1300 years.
From the days of Umar ibn al-Khattab until 1948 in the Nakba, Jerusalem was under Muslim rule, subtracting from them only the 90 years of the first Crusade that occupied it. Of course, this did not stop the Crusader campaigns from continuing, reaching the third in 1191, the fourth in 1202, the fifth, seventh, eighth, tenth, and the ninth and tenth children's campaigns that emerged from Germany, France and Europe in 1212 and ended with them finally drowning, being kidnapped by European pirates, and sold as slaves in different countries, including Arab and Islamic countries. Of course it deserves an episode one day, God willing, because the story is exciting and nice. But let's go back to the Israelites who lived under the Islamic Caliphate, whether the minority who were in Jerusalem or in other Muslim countries. They lived normally, traded, worked, and practiced their religion.
The Fatimid state even appointed a Jewish governor over the Levant. Now let's go back to the rest of the countries they lived in, the same countries that support them today. Previously we mentioned that during the Islamic conquest of Iraq in 655 AD, there were about 90,000 Jews living there, not to mention those who fled the Romans long ago in the first part, the nation that went to Anatolia, which is now Turkey, Greece, Macedonia, and those who went to Africa, Egypt, Libya, Tunisia, and recently Morocco too.
On the other hand, some of them reached Russia in the seventh century, around the same time the rest escaped to Europe and Africa. So now Jerusalem was under Muslim rule, and the Christian communities were living in it practicing their worship, despite the fact that we mentioned in the tenth part of the Crusade series that the Third Crusade was in 1191 AD. But when you hear the third, you understand that there were two other campaigns before it. The first campaign was in 1099 AD when they actually managed to occupy Jerusalem from the Muslims, and the second in 1147 AD which ended at the gates of Damascus and did not reach it.
So we must pay attention here and slow down the talk as we expect there will be an episode on the Crusades that occurred before, after and until the end, all of which were between Muslims and Crusaders without any mention of Jews or Israelites. All the Jews who were in Jerusalem at the time of the first campaign were only 70 in number. At this time, the Muslims had been ruling these lands for 463 years, based on an explicit doctrine and verses in the Quran and existing sanctuaries that only two disagreed on. As we mentioned in the previous episode, after Jesus, peace be upon him, we now have two doctrines. Today there are 3 doctrines battling over their legitimacy in the place called the three doctrines. But they are in fact one doctrine, that the religion with Allah is Islam, and the remaining messengers and prophets were all about monotheism, the doctrine of monotheism. But I am talking about the distortion and alteration that occurred in previous doctrines that necessitated the existence of a final prophet, peace and prayers be upon him, to remind people and bring them back to the monotheism of Abraham, peace be upon him.
The important thing is that the First Crusade was victorious in 1099 AD and the Jews were indifferent. Saladin returned and was victorious over the Crusaders at the Battle of Hittin in 1187 AD and the Jews were still indifferent. In fact, Saladin himself ordered the rebuilding of their synagogue that the Crusade had destroyed and burned alive inside. Saladin allowed them at that time to live in Jerusalem again. A small note here is that Saladin and his teacher Nur al-Din Zangi did not enter to liberate Jerusalem until after they had surrounded it from the outside and purified the lands north of it that were protecting this occupation from the Bedouin states outside, going down from the Levant.
Abu Umar, suffice us from the evil of your own people who speak to you in your tongue but plot with your enemies and pray the Isha prayer next to you. Their scheming is with your enemies but they strongly condemn if one of their people's blood is violated and wants to support his brothers, so they take on the role of the occupiers, arrest and imprison him, and call him a terrorist too. Nur al-Din Zangi and then Saladin spent years fighting the northern Muslims who you call Bedouins until Nur al-Din died and Saladin entered to cleanse the land of the occupiers inside. The important thing, O believer, is that Jerusalem returned to the Muslims again in 1187 AD at the hands of Saladin in the famous Battle of Hittin. It remained under Muslim rule from this date until the Nakba of 1948 that we will get to in a few days.
From the days of Omar ibn al-Khattab, may God be pleased with him, until 1948 in the Nakba, Jerusalem was under Muslim rule. Subtract from that period only the 90 years of the first Crusade that occupied it. But of course, this did not stop the Crusader campaigns from continuing, reaching the third in 1191, the fourth in 1202, the fifth, the seventh, the eighth, the tenth, and speaking of the ninth and the Children's Crusade that emerged from Germany, France and Europe in 1212 and ended up with them finally drowning, being kidnapped by European pirates and sold as slaves in different countries, including Arab and Islamic countries. Of course it deserves an episode one day, God willing, because the story is exciting and nice. But let's go back to the Israelites who lived under the Islamic Caliphate, whether the minority who were in Jerusalem or those in other Muslim countries.
They lived normally, traded, worked, and practiced their worship. Rather, Saladin himself ordered the rebuilding of their synagogue that the Crusade had destroyed and burned them alive inside. Saladin allowed them at that time to live in Jerusalem again despite disagreements among historians on whether he actually allowed the Jews to reside in it or just visit. But the important thing for us is that when the Muslims entered the city of Jerusalem, there was not a single Jew in it. And the Umar Covenant remained enacted throughout the successive periods of the Islamic Caliphate - Umayyad, Abbasid, and Ottoman - until the fall of Sultan Abdul Hamid II in 1909 AD. Not only the educated gentlemen who blame the Caliphate saying it was just an occupation and so on, so they may be happy now with the real occupation after the protection over the holy city disappeared.
They even say that the Al-Aqsa Mosque mentioned in Surat Al-Isra is not the Al-Aqsa Mosque in Palestine, a small mosque, something minor in Taif close to it, not important, meaning they say we have nothing to do with the Al-Aqsa Mosque in Palestine, it's not our issue, and so on. I tell you, not even the Zionists themselves. The Jews who left the Arabian Peninsula and dispersed northward, remember during the Islamic conquest of Iraq in 655 AD, there were about 90,000 Jews living there, not including those who fled the Romans long ago as we mentioned in the first part, the nation that went to Anatolia, which is now Turkey, Greece, Macedonia, and those who went to Africa, Egypt, Libya, Tunisia, and recently Morocco too.
On the other hand, some of them reached Russia in the 7th century, around the same time the rest escaped to Europe and Africa. So now we have Jerusalem under Muslim rule, and the Christian communities living in it practicing their worship, despite the fact that we mentioned in the tenth episode of the Crusade series that the Third Crusade was in 1191 AD. But when you hear the third, you understand that there were two other campaigns before it. The first campaign was in 1099 AD when they actually managed to occupy Jerusalem from the Muslims, and the second in 1147 AD which ended at the gates of Damascus and did not reach it.
So we must pay attention here and slow down the talk as we expect there will be an episode on the Crusades that occurred before, after and until the end, all of which were between Muslims and Crusaders without any mention of Jews or Israelites. All the Jews who were in Jerusalem at the time of the first campaign were only 70 in number. At this time, the Muslims had been ruling these lands for 463 years, based on an explicit doctrine and verses in the Quran and existing sanctuaries that only two disagreed on. As we mentioned in the previous episode, after Jesus, peace be upon him, we now have two doctrines. Today there are 3 doctrines battling over their legitimacy in the place called the three doctrines.
But they are in fact one doctrine, that the religion with Allah is Islam, and the remaining messengers and prophets were all about monotheism, the doctrine of monotheism. But I am talking about the distortion and alteration that occurred in previous doctrines that necessitated the existence of a final prophet, peace and prayers be upon him, to remind people and bring them back to the monotheism of Abraham, peace be upon him. The important thing is that the First Crusade was victorious in 1099 AD and the Jews were indifferent. Saladin returned and was victorious over the Crusaders at the Battle of Hittin in 1187 AD and the Jews were still indifferent. In fact, Saladin himself ordered the rebuilding of their synagogue that the Crusade had destroyed and burned alive inside. Saladin allowed them at that time to live in Jerusalem again.
A small note here is that Saladin and his teacher Nur al-Din Zangi did not enter to liberate Jerusalem until after they had surrounded it from the outside and purified the lands north of it that were protecting this occupation from the Bedouin states outside, going down from the Levant. Abu Umar, suffice us from the evil of your own people who speak to you in your tongue but plot with your enemies and pray the Isha prayer next to you. Their scheming is with your enemies but they strongly condemn if one of their people's blood is violated and wants to support his brothers, so they take on the role of the occupiers, arrest and imprison him, and call him a terrorist too. Nur al-Din Zangi and then Saladin spent years fighting the northern Muslims who you call Bedouins until Nur al-Din died and Saladin entered to cleanse the land of the occupiers inside. The important thing, O believer, is that Jerusalem returned to the Muslims again in 1187 AD at the hands of Saladin in the famous Battle of Hittin.
It remained under Muslim rule from this date until the Nakba of 1948 that we will get to in a few days. Well, up until the First World War, this was the situation of the Jews in the world, on the verge of extinction, until the man in front of your eyes appeared, Theodor Herzl, born May 2, 1860, the Austrian-Hungarian writer, poet, political activist, the founder of Zionism. Who made Herzl, who succeeded in him, what were the surrounding circumstances of time and place, what is Zionism and what is the difference between it and Judaism, and in the proper order of these events from 1880, through Hitler and Jewish immigration to Palestine, after it the Nakba and the Naksa until today in 2023, all this will be God willing in the final episode of the Israelites series next Thursday. So stay tuned, may God keep you well. That's it, believer, goodbye!